SELF-DETERMINATION: LIST OF STATES THAT HAVE SIGNED THE TWO UN COVENANTS OF 1966, AND THEIR HYPOCRITICAL AND FALSE CONDUCT.

Argazkia: El Orden Mundial

MIKEL URKOLA ELIZEGI

In 1966 the UN proclaimed two Covenants of great international importance: a) the one referring to Civil and Political Rights, containing 53 articles; and b) the one that sets the Economic, Social and Cultural rights, which has 31 articles. In 1977, Spain accepted these two international agreements and the then Spanish King Juan Carlos  signed them. These two Pacts are different, but their first article is identical in both, and refers to the Right of Self-Determination of Peoples, which is precisely the issue that interests us. The third paragraph of the first article of these two Covenants reads as follows: “The States that sign this Covenant (…) will promote the right to self-determination, and will respect this right, according to the Charter of the United Nations

According to Professor Jose Antonio Obieta on this subject (JA Obieta “El derecho humano de la autodeterminación de los pueblos”, Tecnos arg., Madrid, 1985, p. 58.): “These Pacts, contrary to what happened with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, were accepted unanimously and without any abstentions: The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights was accepted with 105 votes in favor and no votes against; and the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights with 106 votes in favor and no votes against”. These two Covenants, together with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights – which was proclaimed in 1948 – constitute the so-called International Covenant on Human Rights.

On the other hand, these two UN Pacts of 1966 have another important factor which is specific to them: they are flexible in terms of time. The method they have used for the acceptance of the Covenants is continuous and progressive, and this continuity allows the states to freely choose the appropriate moment for their acceptance. Therefore, since 1966, the United Nations (UN) gave all the States of the world the possibility of expressing their conformity and acceptance, if they so wished. Thus, adherence to these International Agreements has been progressive and, with the passing of years, more and more States have signed the acceptance of the Agreements. Today, after 50 years, there are 174 signatory States of these Pacts, almost all the States in the world.

But one thing is to sign, and another is to comply with what has been signed. Among so many signatory States, there are not a few States that play a double game and exhibit contradictions. For example, Spain and France, which deny the Basque Country its right to self-determination, and which we firmly denounce from here. But also many other States that have signed the International Pacts and that do not comply with them: China (which denies Tibet and the Uyghur People their right to self-determination), Morocco (which does the same with the Sahara), Italy (which prevents the self-determination of South Tyrol), Belgium (which prevents Flanders), Turkey and Iraq (which prevent Kurdistan), etc. We must strongly denounce the hypocritical and false behavior of the States that have signed and do not comply with the UN Covenants.

 

Below we attach the current long list of the signatory States (reference: Wikipedia in French):

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacte_international_relatif_aux_droits_civils_et_politiques

 

LIST OF SIGNATORY STATES

 

STATE SIGNATURE RATIFICATION
AFGHANISTAN   1983-01-24
AFRIQUE DU SUD 1994-10-03 1998-12-10
ALBANIE 1991-10-04
ALGÉRIE 1968-12-10 1989-09-12
ALLEMAGNE 1968-10-09 1973-12-17
ANDORRE 2002-08-05 2006-09-22
ANGOLA 1992-01-10
ANTIGUA ET BARBUDA 2019-07-03
ARGENTINE 1968-02-19 1986-08-08
ARMÉNIE 1993-06-23
AUSTRALIE 1972-12-18 1980-08-13
AUTRICHE 1973-12-10 1978-09-10
AZERBAÏDJAN 1992-08-13
BAHAMAS 2008-12-04 2008-12-23
BAHREÏN 2006-09-20
BANGLADESH 2000-09-06
BARBADE   1973-01-05
BÉLARUS 1968-03-19 1973-11-12
BELGIQUE 1968-12-10 1983-04-21
BELIZE 1996-06-10
BÉNIN 1992-03-12
BOLIVIE 1982-08-12
BOSNIE-HERZEGOVINE 1993-09-01
BOTSWANA 2000-09-08 2000-09-08
BRÉSIL 1992-01-24
BULGARIE 1968-10-08 1970-09-21
BURKINA FASO 1999-01-04
BURUNDI 1990-05-09
CABO VERDE 1993-08-06
CAMBODGE 1980-10-17 1992-05-26
CAMEROUN 1984-06-27
CANADA 1976-05-19
CHILI 1969-09-16 1972-02-10
CHINE 1998-10-05
CHYPRE 1966-12-19 1969-04-02
COLOMBIE 1966-12-21 1969-10-29
COMORES 2008-09-25
CONGO 1983-10-05
COSTA RICA 1966-12-19 1968-11-29
CÔTE D’IVOIRE   1992-03-26
CROATIE   1992-10-12
CUBA 2008-02-28
DANEMARK 1968-03-20 1972-01-06
DJIBOUTI 2002-11-05
DOMINIQUE 1993-06-17
ÉGIPTE 1967-08-04 1982-01-14
EL SALVADOR 1967-09-21 1979-11-30
ÉQUATEUR 1968-04-04 1969-03-06
ÉRYTHRÉE 2002-01-22
ESPAGNE 1976-09-28 1977-04-27
ESTONIE 1991-10-29
ESWATINI 2004-03-26
ÉTAT DE PALESTINE 2014-04-02
ÉTATS-UNIS D’AMERIQUE 1977-10-05 1992-06-08
ÉTHIOPIE 1993-06-11
FÉDERATION DE RUSSIE 1968-03-18 1973-10-16
FIDJI 2018-08-16
FINLANDE 1967-10-11 1975-08-19
FRANCE   1980-11-04
GABON   1983-01-21
GAMBIE   1979-03-22
GÉORGIE   1994-05-03
GHANA 2000-09-07 2000-09-07
GRÈCE 1997-05-05
GRENADE 1991-09-06
GUATEMALA 1992-05-05
GUINÉE 1967-02-28 1978-01-24
GUINÉE-BISSAU 2000-09-12 2010-11-01
GUINÉE ÉQUATORIALE 1987-09-25
GUYANA 1968-08-22 1977-02-15
HAÏTI 1991-02-06
HONDURAS 1966-12-19 1997-08-25
HONGRIE 1969-03-25 1974-01-17
ÎLES MARSHALL   2018-03-12
INDE   1979-04-10
INDONÉSIE   2006-02-23
IRAN 1968-04-04 1975-06-24
IRAQ 1969-02-18 1971-01-25
IRLANDE 1973-10-01 1989-12-08
ISLANDE 1968-12-30 1979-08-22
ISRAËL 1966-12-19 1991-10-03
ITALIE 1967-01-18 1978-09-15
JAMAÏQUE 1966-12-19 1975-10-03
JAPON 1978-05-30 1979-06-21
JORDANIE 1972-06-30 1975-05-28
KAZAKHSTAN 2003-12-02 2006-01-24
KENYA 1972-05-01
KIRGHIZISTAN 1994-10-07
KOWËIT 1996-05-21
LESOTHO 1992-09-09
LETTONIE 1992-04-14
LIBAN 1972-11-03
LIBÉRIA 1967-04-18 2004-09-22
LIBYE 1970-05-15
LIECHTENSTEIN 1998-12-10
LITUANIE 1991-11-20
LUXEMBOURG 1974-11-26 1983-08-18
MACÉDOINE DU NORD 1994-01-18
MADAGASCAR 1969-09-17 1971-06-21
MALAWI 1993-12-22
MALDIVES 2006-09-19
MALI 1974-07-16
MALTE 1990-09-13
MAROC 1977-01-19 1979-05-03
MAURICE 1973-12-12
MAURITANIE 2004-11-17
MEXIQUE 1981-03-23
MONACO 1997-06-26 1997-08-28
MONGOLIE 1968-06-05 1974-11-18
MONTENEGRO   2006-10-23
MOZAMBIQUE   1993-07-21
NAMIBIE   1994-11-28
NAURU 2001-11-12
NÉPAL 1991-05-14
NICARAGUA 1980-03-12
NIGER 1986-03-07
NIGÉRIA 1993-07-29
NORVÈGE 1968-03-20 1972-09-13
NOUVELLE-ZELANDE 1968-11-12 1978-12-28
OUGANDA 1995-06-21
OUZBÉKISTAN 1995-09-28
PAKISTAN 2008-04-17 2010-06-23
TADJIKISTAN 1999-01-04
TCHAD 1995-06-09
THAÏLANDE 1996-10-29
TIMOR-LESTE 2003-09-18
TOGO 1984-05-24
TRINITÉ-ET-TOBAGO 1978-12-21
TUNISIE 1968-04-30 1969-03-18
TURKMÉNISTAN   1997-05-01
TURQUIE 2000-08-15 2003-09-23
UKRAINE 1968-03-20 1973-11-12
URUGUAY 1967-02-21 1970-04-01
VANUATU 2007-11-29 2008-11-21
VENEZUELA 1969-06-24 1978-05-10
VIET NAM   1982-09-24
YÉMEN   1987-02-09
ZAMBIE   1984-04-10
ZIMBABWE   1991-05-13